2S1 Gvozdika Russian 122mm Amphibious Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
S21 Gvozdika
Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
Other
Basic Information
Name
2S1 Gvozdika Russian 122mm Amphibious Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
Designation
S21 Gvozdika
Alternate Designation
S21 Gvozdika
Equipment Type
Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
Manufacturer
Kharkiv Tractor Plant
Date of Introduction
1971
Description
Hezbollah Proliferation. The 2S1 Gvozdika (Carnation) is a 122 mm self-propelled howitzer designed and manufactured in the Soviet era to provide mechanized forces with an integral artillery asset that could be used to influence a battlefield close to the front line and reduce reliance on divisional assets. While the design is old and its 122 mm gun lacks the range of modern howitzers, the system remains in service with multiple users. The 2S1 is mounted on a modified MT-LB chassis. It is used in mechanized formations to provide indirect- and direct-fire support during offensive operations. The vehicles are used by Russia’s regular and Arctic formations, the latter indicates that the vehicles can be fitted with the wider tracks and heaters used on the MT-LBV. The system usually operates as part of a six-man section, this includes the four crew members in the vehicle and two additional loaders that operate from a separate ammunition carrier. This is the preferred method of operation for the vehicle during sustained periods of combat.
Ground Specifications
Crew
4
Mobility Type
Tracked
Main Weapon
122mm 2A31 howitzer
Engine
V-8 Gasoline (300 hp)
NBC Protection
Yes
Max Speed
60.0 km/h
Range
500.0 km
Variants
2S34 Hosta
Modernization of the 2S1 with the 122 mm 2A31 gun replaced by the 120 mm 2A80-1 gun-mortar. Further improvements include a new Malakhit fire control system, a battlefield observation system, and the ability to fire the Kitolov-2M guided ammunition. One unit, the 21st Mechanized Brigade in Totskoye is currently being equipped with the system.
2S15 "Norov"
A prototype tank destroyer equipped with a radar-based fire control system and a 100 mm gun.
Kevlar-E
Infantry fighting vehicle based on the 2S1 platform, equipped with Shturm remote weapon station and room for 6 passengers in addition to the 3 crew. The original 300 horsepower V8 diesel engine has been replaced with a 420 horsepower diesel engine, produced by Caterpillar, Cummins, or Deutz, increasing the maximum road speed to 70 km/h. Additionally, the vehicle is amphibious and includes air conditioning, a fire detection and suppression system, an NBC system, a navigation system, and night-vision equipment. The variant was first introduced in April 2018.
2S1M Goździk
Version with special amphibious kit that increases the vehicle's amphibious capabilities.
2S1T Goździk
Version with a TOPAZ digital fire control system from WB electronics. The system consists of a FONET-IP digital intercom system, new digital radio, military GPS receiver, military computer, and dedicated software. The same system is used on other Polish Armed Forces artillery systems like the AHS Krab, Dana-T, and WR-40 Langusta.
Model 89
Romanian variant that uses a modified version of the hull of the MLI-84.
Raad-1 ('thunder')
Iranian variant that is based on the hull of the Boragh APC.
2S1U
In March 2019, a Ukrainian company and the Myanmar military have signed a joint-venture agreement to build a plant capable of manufacturing armored personnel carriers (APCs) and self-propelled howitzers. The types of APCs that will be made in the plant are said to be eight-wheeled BTR-4Us while the howitzers will be 2S1Us, which are based on the MT-LBu multipurpose chassis.
System
Alternative Designation
S21 Gvozdika
Type
Self-Propelled Howitzer (SPH)
Manufacturer
Kharkiv Tractor Plant
Proliferation
Hezbollah
Family
S21 Artillery Command and Reconnaissance Vehicle (ACRV) family
Designer
Kharkov Tractor Plant and OKB-9 Uralmash
Chassis
MT-LBu
Crew
4 ea
Displacement Time
1 min
Emplacement Time
2 min
Dimensions
Length
7.26 m
Width
2.85 m
Height
2.73 m
Track Length
INA
Track Width
400 mm
Weight, Combat
15,700 kg
Ground Clearance
0.395 m to 0.415 m
Automotive
Engine Name
YaMZ-238N
Engine Type
V-8, water cooled
Engine Power
300 hp
Fuel Capacity
550 liters
Suspension
adjustable
Steering
clutch and brake
Amphibous
Yes
Range
500 km
Speed, Maximum Road
60 km/h
Speed, Maximum Off-Road
30 km/h
Speed Maximum Swim
6 km/h
Gradient
77 %
Side Slope
55 %
Vertical Step
0.7 m
Trench
2.2 m
Fording Depth
INA
Communications
Primary
R-123M
Secondary
R55P Radio System,
Main Weapon System
System
Name
1 × turret mounted 122mm 2A31 howitzer
Type
Howitzer
Caliber
122 mm
Breech Type
Horizontal sliding-wedge, semi-automatic
Length, Barrel
INA mm
Loader Type
Semi-automatic
Max Rate of Fire
4-5 rds/min
Sustained Rate of Fire
1-2 rds/min
Muzzle Brake Type
Double Baffle
Max Elevation
+70 Deg
Min Elevation
-3 Deg
Traverse Range
360 Deg
Collimator Type
K-1
Ammunition (Option 1)
Type
HEAT-FS
Caliber
122 mm
Muzzle Velocity
680 m/s
Fuse Type
GPV-2 PIBD
Maximum Effective Range (Conventional)
1,000 m
Shell
separate loading, cased charge
Armor Penetration
460mm at 0 degree obliquity any range
Projectile Weight
21.58 kg
Basic Load
40 Total, any combination of 122mm Projectiles
Ammunition (Option 2)
Type
OF-81, FRAG-HE
Caliber
122 mm
Muzzle Velocity
680 m/s
Minumum Range
1,000 m
Maximum Range
15,300 m
Projectile Weight
21.76 kg
Fuze Type
RGM-2 PD
Basic Load
40 Total, any combination of 122mm Projectiles
Ammunition (Option 3)
Type
Rocket Assisted FRAG-HE
Caliber
122 mm
Muzzle Velocity
INA
Minimum Range
INA
Maximum Range
21,900 m
Projectile Weight
21.76 kg
Basic Load
40 Total, any combination of 122mm Projectiles
Coaxial Weapon System
System
Name
1 x 7.62mm PK (Kalashnikov's Machine Gun)
Type
General-Purpose Machine Gun
Caliber
7.62 mm
Manufacturer
Degtyaryov plant
Function
in use as a front-line infantry and vehicle-mounted weapon with Russia's armed forces.
In Service
1961-present
Max Rate of Fire
650 rds/min
Proliferation
1 Million +
Weight (Gun Only)
9 kg
Weight (Tripod Only)
7.7 kg
Length (Overall)
1,203 mm
Length (Barrel)
605 mm
Action
Gas-operated, open bolt
Feed System
Non-disintegrating metal 50 round belts in 100 and 200/250 round ammunition boxes
Sights
Tangent iron sights (default); Optical, Night-vision, Thermal and Radar sights
Ammunition
Type
Rifle
Caliber
7.62 mm
Muzzle Velocity
825 m/s
Effective Range (Iron Sights)
100-1,000 m
Effective Range (With Sight Adjustments)
100,1,500 m
Basic Load
250 ea
Fire Control
Name
INA
Computerized FCS
Yes
Thermal Sight Vehicle Commander
INA
Thermal Sight Gunner
INA
Main Gun Stabilization
INA
Indirect Fire
Yes, PG-2 Pantel
Direct Fire
Yes, OP 5-37
Protection
Hull Armor
The hull is built from welded steel and is believed to have a maximum thickness of 15mm. This is believed to be sufficient to protect the vehicle from small-arms fire such as the 7.62 mm B32 round.
Turret Armor
the turret has a thickness of 20mm
Applique Armor
INA
Explosive Reactive Armor
No
Active Protection System
INA
Mine Clearing
No
Self-Entrenching Blade
No
NBC Protection
Yes
Smoke Equipment
No
IR Signature
INA
Image Sources
Notes
https://essanews.com/ukrainian-soldiers-use-ingenious-tactics-to-survive-drone-war-underground-shelter-shields-2s1-gvozdika-howitzer,6985731295832193a; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samohodna_haubica_Gvozdika.jpg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slovak_2S1_Gvozdika.jpg; http://www.missing-lynx.com/library/modern/russia/inaction/grozny-3.htm;
Details
Country of Origin
Russia
Category
Self-Propelled Gun/Howitzer Artillery Systems
Land > Artillery > Self-Propelled Gun/Howitzer Artillery Systems
Filter Label
2
Classification
Domain
Ground
Equipment Status
Active
Dimensions
Length
7.26 m
Width
2.85 m
Height
2.73 m
Weight
15700 kg
Operators (33)
Russia
Ukraine
Poland
India
Iran
Serbia
Belarus
Algeria
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Congo, Republic of the
Croatia
Cuba
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Finland
Georgia
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Libya
Myanmar
Slovakia
Syria
Turkmenistan
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
Non-State Actors
CFE Treaty
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