9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) Russian 4x4 Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System

9K31

Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System

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Basic Information

Name

9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) Russian 4x4 Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System

Designation

9K31

Alternate Designation

—

Equipment Type

Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System

Manufacturer

Soviet state factories

Date of Introduction

1968

Description

The 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) Russian 4x4 Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system. Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31, it is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-9 "Gaskin". The system consists of a BRDM-2 amphibious vehicle, mounting two pairs of ready-to-fire 9M31 missiles. The 9K31 is based on the BRDM-2 4x4 chassis. The driver and commander are seated in the front and the gunner in the turret. Up to four launch containers can be attached to the turret. During travel, the missiles are lowered. The 9K31 is a stand-alone system, but usually, it operates in pairs or groups of four. Target information is relayed by radio by other air defense systems. The turret is fitted with four 9M31 Strela-1 surface-to-air missiles with infrared guidance. The maximum effective range is 4.2 km and the maximum altitude is 3 km. Due to the limitations of the seeker the maximum range can only be achieved under favorable circumstances. Effectiveness during head-on engagements and at night is much reduced.

Ground Specifications

Crew 3

Mobility Type Wheeled (4x4)

Main Weapon 9M31 Strela-1 surface-to-air missiles

Engine V-8 Gasoline (140 hp)

Active Protection None

NBC Protection Yes

Max Speed 100.0 km/h

Range 650.0 km

Variants

9K31 Strela-1 The 9K31 Strela-1 is a short-range missile-based air defence system designed to provide protection for an armoured force during combat or marches. It consists of the 9P31 launch vehicle, which is based on the BRDM-2, as well as a launch vehicle fitted with radar and a separate command vehicle.

9K31M Strela-1M The Strela-1M was introduced in 1970 in an effort to improve the performance of the Soviet systems to provide greater guarantees of a successful engagement.

System

Alternative Designations 9K31 Strela-1; NATO: SA-9 Gaskin

Type Infrared Guided Surface-to-Air Missile System

Manufacturer Soviet state factories

Chassis BRDM-2

Configuration 4x4

Crew 3 (commander, gunner and driver)

C2 System The complex is supported by the BTR-60PU-12 command vehicle.

Dimensions

Length 5.8 m

Width 2.4 m

Height, while Traveling 2.3 m

Wheelbase 3.1 m

Weight 7,000 kg

Ground Clearance 0.43 m

Automotive

Engine Name GAZ 41

Engine Type V-8 water-cooled petrol

Engine Power 140 hp at 3,400 rpm

Power-to-Weight Ratio 20 hp/t

Fuel Capacity 290 Liters

Maximum Land Speed 100 km/h

Maximum Amphibious Speed 10 km/h

Range 650 km

Gradient 60%

Vertical Obstacle 0.4 m

Trench 1.2 m

Main Weapon System

Launch Vehicle Name 9M31 Launch Vehicle

Missile Name Strela-1

Length 1.803 m

Diameter 120 mm

Weight 30 kg

Engine single stage, solid propellant

Guidance System IR

Fuze radar, proximity

Warhead 3 kg (6.00 lb) (est.) HE blast fragmentation

Elevation +80° (1422mils)/-20° (-356mils)

Traverse 360°

Maximum Speed 1,800 km/h

Maximum Range 4.2 km

Minimum Range 1.0 km

Maximum Altitude 3,000 m

Minimum Altitude 50 m

Basic Load 6 x hull mounted SA-9 SAM Missiles

Fire Control

Sights with Magnification INA

Elecro-optical/ Infrared System Day Range (m): 6,500 Night Range (m): 2,000 tail chase only

Navigation Inertial

IFF INA

RF Direction-Finder The FLAT BOX-A passive system uses several Pelengator sensors mounted on the vehicle to detect aircraft navigation signals for early warning and DF of approach azimuth. Detection range is up to 30 km. Many forces with this older air defense system are not proficient in using the RF DF system.

Guidance Systemm Infrared homing

Associated Vehicle Radar System

Name PPRU-1/Ovod AD ACV

Chassis MTLB-U

Radar DOG EAR (use in OPFOR units)

Function Target Acquisition

Frequency F/G band

Range 80 detection, 35 tracking

Other Radars The SA-9 can also link to the IADS to get analog AD data and warnings.

Radar: Gundish In the earlier unit configuration, an SA-9 platoon is employed in an AD battery/ battalion with ZSU-23-4 SPAA guns. The radar on those systems supports the SA-9 platoon by providing detection and warning. Some of the users employ truck-mounted J-band GUN DISH acquisition radar in the platoons, instead of the Pelengator system.

Protection

Hull Armor Type 5-14 mm

Turret Armor INA

Applique Armor No

Explosive Reactive Armor No

Active Protection System No

Mine Clearing No

Self-Entrenching Blade No

NBC Protection Yes

Smoke Protection INA

Image Sources

Notes https://www.flickr.com/photos/15632944@N00/6427005317; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:9K31_Strela-1_pic2.JPG;

Details

Country of Origin Russia

Category Short-Range Missile Systems (Less than 30 km)

Land > Air Defense > Short-Range Missile Systems (Less than 30 km)

Classification

Domain

Ground

Equipment Status

Active

Dimensions

Length

5.8 m

Width

2.4 m

Height

2.3 m

Weight

7000 kg

Operators (25)

Russia

Ukraine

India

Serbia

Algeria

Angola

Armenia

Benin

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cuba

Egypt

Ethiopia

Hungary

Libya

Mauritania

Mongolia

Mozambique

Nicaragua

Romania

Syria

Uganda

Vietnam

Yemen

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