Harbin Y-12 (Yunshuji-12) Chinese Utility Aircraft
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Basic Information
Name
Harbin Y-12 (Yunshuji-12) Chinese Utility Aircraft
Designation
—
Alternate Designation
—
Equipment Type
—
Manufacturer
Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation
Date of Introduction
1984
Description
Harbin Y-12 or Yunshuji-12 is a twin-engine light multi-role aircraft designed and developed by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC) of China. It was derived from its predecessor the Harbin Y-11. The Y-12 is principally used for both passenger and cargo transportation. The maiden flight of the aircraft was completed in July 1982. The aircraft has been designed, built, and examined in adherence with the FAR Chapter 23 and the FAR Chapter 135 Appendix A, and also complies with the requirements of the CCAR Chapter 23 and the BCAR Chapter K.
Air & Air Defense Specifications
Crew
2
Engine
Turboprop (620 hp)
Variants
Y-12 (I)
Twin-engined STOL utility transport aircraft, powered by two 500-shp (373-kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-11 turboprop engines. Prototype version.
Y-12 (II)
Fitted with more powerful PT6A-27 engines.
Y-12 (III)
Planned version to be fitted with WJ-9 turboprop. Evolved to Y-12C because of IV's success when WJ-9 development was completed.
Y-12 (IV)
Improved version. Revised wingtips (span increased to 19.2 m (63 ft)) and increased takeoff weight. 19 passenger seats. This version is the first aircraft in the series certified by the FAA in 1995.
Y-12C
Basically a (IV) version with WJ-9 turboprop, used by PLAAF for aerial survey.
Y-12D
Domestically deployed military version with upgraded engines driving four-bladed propellers, used by PLA Airborne Corps for parachute training.
Y-12E
Variant with 18 passenger seats. PT6A-135A engines of equal horsepower but increased torque driving four-bladed propellers. This version was certified by the FAA in 2006.
Y-12F
The latest development with almost everything redesigned: wider fuselage, new wings, retractable landing gear and more powerful PT6A-65B engines. The Y-12F has higher cruise speed, longer range and can accommodate 19 passengers or 3x LD3 containers. Design started in April 2005 and the maiden flight was on 29 December 2010. CAAC type certification was received on 10 December 2015 and FAA certification on 22 February 2016. The Y-12F passed flight tests for its automatic flight control system by the FAA on 30 June 2018. It was demonstrated during the 2012 Zhuhai Airshow.
Y-12G
Proposed cargo version of Y-12F.
Turbo Panda
Export name for (II) version, marketed by England and Japanese companies. No real order due to airworthiness certification.
Twin Panda
Originally (II) version for export. Later a modified Y-12 (IV) powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 turboprop engines and fitted with uprated undercarriage, upgraded avionics and interior. Thirty-five orders reportedly received by 2000 but production not proceeded with.
System
Alternate Designation(s)
Harbin Y-12; Yunshuji-12
Primary Function / Type
Utility Aircraft
Manufacturer
Harbin Aircraft Industry Group
Crew
2 (pilot, co-pilot)
Passengers
17-19 passengers
Number of Engines
2 ea
Number of Hard Points
INA
Dimensions
Length
14.86 m
Height
5.58 m
Width (Wing Span)
17.24 m
Wing Area
34.27 sq m
Cabin Length
4.93 m
Cabin Width
1.46 m
Cabin Height
1.70 m
Volume
12.9 cu m
Empty Weight
3,000 kg
Payload Weight
1,700 kg
Maximum Takeoff Weight
5,300 kg
Automotive
Engine Name
2 x Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27
Engine Type
Turboprop
Engine Power
620 shp each
Fuel Capacity
1,616 liters
Maximum Cruise Speed
328 km/h
Economy Cruise Speed
271 km/h
Range with Maximum Payload at 146 knots
189 km
Ceiling
7,000 m
Climb Rate, Both Engines
504 m/min
Climb Rate, One Engine
101 m/min
Protection
Stealth Properties
None
Heat Signature Reduction
No
Add on Armor
No
NBC Protection
INA
EW Counter Measures
INA
Chaffs/Flares
INA
Details
Country of Origin
China
Category
Fixed Wing Aircraft
Air > Fixed Wing Aircraft
Filter Label
H
Classification
Domain
Air & Air Defense
Equipment Status
Active
Dimensions
Length
14.86 m
Width
17.24 m
Height
5.58 m
Weight
5300 kg
Operators (17)
China
Iran
Pakistan
Cambodia
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ghana
Guyana
Kenya
Mali
Mauritania
Myanmar
Namibia
Peru
Sri Lanka
Tanzania
Zambia
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