Basic Information

Name

T-90M Russian Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Designation

T-90M

Alternate Designation

T-90M; Proryv-3

Equipment Type

Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Manufacturer

Uralvagonzavod

Date of Introduction

2019

Description

The T-90M Russian Main Battle Tank (MBT) also nicknamed Proryv-3 is an upgraded variant of the export version of the T-90MS Main Battle Tank (MBT) developed and designed by the Russian Company Uralvagonzavod. The T-90M Model 2017 is improved in terms of protection, mobility, and firepower.

Ground Specifications

Crew 3

Engine V-12 Diesel (1000 hp)

Active Protection the T-90M is also protected by soft- and hard-kill active protection systems (APS), which seems similar to the Afganit system installed on the T-14 Armata.

NBC Protection Yes

Range 550.0 km

Variants

T-90 First version of the T-90 tank family

T-90A Russian army version with welded turret, V-92S2 engine, and ESSA thermal viewer. Sometimes called T-90 Vladimir, in honor of its chief designer Vladimir Potkin.

T-90K Commander's version of the T-90, with additional communication (station R-163-50K) and navigation equipment (TNA-4-3).

T-90AK Command version of T-90A.

T-90AM The latest version of the T-90A. The main features include the modernization of the old turret design, which is equipped with a new advanced fire control system "Kalina" (with integrated combat information and control systems), a new automatic loader and a newly upgraded gun 2A46M-5, as well as a remote-controlled anti-aircraft gun "UDP T05BV-1". The new version also includes the Relikt (Реликт (динамическая защита) ERA bricks instead of the Kontakt-5 ERA bricks.

T-90S The export version of the T-90, later adopted by the Russian Armed Forces as the T-90A. These tanks were made by Uralvagonzavod and were updated with 1,000 hp (750 kW) engines made by Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. These tanks carry a leaner version of the Shtora-1 passive/active protection system which lacks the infra-red dazzlers carried on the turret. Sometimes called T-90C (Cyrillic letter es looks like a Latin c). These were initially supplied with cast turrets of the early T-90, and when stocks were depleted, new, welded turrets were fabricated.

T-90SK Commander's version of the T-90S, with additional communication and navigation equipment. It differs in radio and navigation equipment and Ainet remote-detonation system for HEF rounds.

T-90S "Bhishma" – modified T-90S in Indian service.

T-90MS Also known as T-90SM is an updated version of the T-90S. It is equipped with a 1,130 hp engine, a PNM Sosna-U gunner view. a UDP T05BV-1 RWS with a 7.62 mm machine gun, GLONASS, inertial navigation systems, new Relikt explosive reactive armor (ERA) that covers more of the tank, and a steering wheel. A new removable turret bustle is included, which provides storage for eight additional rounds. The T-90MS is ready for serial production. 4 video cameras provide a 360° view of the environment, while the tank is more connected to the command. The T-90MS has an upgraded thermal imager that can detect tanks over 3300 meters away.

System

Alternative Designation T-90M; Proryv-3

Type Main Battle Tank

Manufacturer Uralvagonzavod

Family T-90 Family of Main Battle Tanks

Crew 3 (commander, gunner and driver)

Dimensions

Length 6.68 m

Width 3.78 m

Height 2.23 m

Weight, Combat 46,500 kg

Automotive

Engine Name V-92S2

Engine Type V-12 Diesel

Engine Power 1,000 hp

Auxiliary Power Unit Yes

Gas Turbocharger Yes

Fuel Capacity 1,200 liters

Fuel Type Gasoline or Kerosene

Suspension Torsion bar

Transmission Mechanical

Range 550 km

Speed, Maximum Road 60 km/h

Speed Maximum Swim Not Amphibious

Speed, Average Cross 50 km/h

Power to Weight Ratio 18.2 hp/tons

Gradient 60 %

Side Slope 40 %

Vertical Step 0.8 m

Trench 2.85 m

Fording Depth (No Preparation) 1.2 m

Fording Depth (With Preparation) 5.0 m

Main Gun

System

Name 1 x 2A46M-4 Smoothbore Gun

Type Smoothbore Gun

Caliber 125 mm

Stabilized The main 125 mm armament is stabilized and enables the T-90M to shoot on the move with a high probability of a first-round hit.

Maximum Firing Range 3,000 m using APFSDS (Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot) / HEAT (High-explosive anti-tank) or 4,000 m with HE (High Explosive) ammunition.

Ammunition

Type The main armament of the T-90M Model 2017 Proryv-3 consists of one 125 mm 2A46M-4 smoothbore gun able to fire standard ammunition but also anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) Refleks NATO Code AT-11 Sniper-B.

Caliber 125 mm

Basic Load The T-90M carries a total of 43 ammunition for the 125mm cannon.

Note The cannon has a maximum firing range of 3,000 m using APFSDS (Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot) / HEAT (High-explosive anti-tank) or 4,000 m with HE (High Explosive) ammunition. The Refleks is a laser beam riding, guided anti-tank missile which can be fired from smoothbore 125 mm tank and anti-tank guns (2A45, 2A46, and 2A46M). The missile has a maximum firing range of 5,000 m with a speed of 350 m/sec. The tandem warhead of the missile can penetrate up to 900 mm of armor.

Coaxial Weapon System

Note 1 x PKT 7.62mm General-Purpose Machine Gun

Auxiliery Weapon System

Note The second armament includes one PKT 7.62mm coaxial machine mounted to the right of the main armament and at the rear of the commander hatch is mounted a remotely operated weapon station armed with an NSVT 12.7mm heavy machine gun.

Fire Control

Name The T-90M is also fitted with a modern fire-control system providing tank-type target detection at a range of 5,000 m by day, an enhanced dual-axis gun stabilizer, and an automatic target tracker that can operate in hunter-killer mode.

Computerized FCS Yes

Thermal Sight Tank Commander Yes

Thermal Sight Gunner Yes

Main Gun Stabilization Yes, 2E42-4 Zhasmin System

Protection

Hull Armor The T-90M features a new all-welded turret design protected by the Relikt ERA (Explosive Reactive Armour) armor fitted at the front and on each side of the turret. It features higher protection performance and serviceability compared with the Kontakt-5 ERA suite. The frontal ERA tiles are integrated with a single module that can be easily replaced in the field. The Relikt's effectiveness against armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) and tandem high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) munitions have been significantly increased. The lower part of the turret on 360° is also protected by an RPG metal net similar to the Q-Net add-on armor kit developed by QinetiQ to counter the threat of rocket-propelled grenades. It uses metal nodes connecting the net to disrupt the fusing of the warhead. The front of the hull is also protected by a modular ERA and each side is fitted with additional armor plates at the front and bar-slat armor at the rear. The rear part of the hull and turret are protected with the same type of armor to increase protection against anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) attacks.

Applique Armor Available

Explosive Reactive Armor Yes

Active Protection System Yes, the T-90M is also protected by soft- and hard-kill active protection systems (APS), which seems similar to the Afganit system installed on the T-14 Armata.

Self-Entrenching Blade Yes

NBC Protection Yes

Image Sources

Notes https://en.topwar.ru/169970-na-ukraine-nachalis-ispytanija-modernizirovannogo-tanka-t-72amt.html; https://russianmilitaryanalysis.wordpress.com/tag/zapad-2017/; https://armyrecognition.com/focus-analysis-conflicts/army/conflicts-in-the-world/russia-ukraine-war-2022/russia-s-t-90m-tank-production-appears-to-show-resilience-despite-ue-sanctions?highlight=WyJydXNzaWEiXQ%3D%3D; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2-90%D0%9C.jpg;