M120K Rak Polish 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar

M120K Rak

Self-Propelled Mortar (SPM)

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M120K Rak Polish 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar (A)TRADOC ODIN WEG

Basic Information

Name

M120K Rak Polish 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar

Designation

M120K Rak

Alternate Designation

M120K Rak

Equipment Type

Self-Propelled Mortar (SPM)

Manufacturer

Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW)

Date of Introduction

2017

Description

The M120K Rak is a Polish 120mm self-propelled mortar system developed by Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW). This modern artillery system represents a significant advancement in mobile indirect fire support, combining automation, mobility, and survivability within a contemporary turret-based platform. It is designed to deliver effective fire support across a variety of operational scenarios. The Polish Land Forces received their first M120K systems in July 2017. The total acquisition includes 123 vehicles: 64 mortar vehicles and 59 support vehicles, which consist of 61 all-wheel-drive command vehicles and 31 reconnaissance vehicles. Artillery companies typically operate four M120K mortar platforms, supported by command post vehicles. Ukraine has also become a notable operator of this system, following a 2023 agreement made during President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's visit to Warsaw on April 5, 2023. Under this agreement, Ukraine committed to acquiring 54 M120K systems. The first Ukrainian Rak 120 systems were operationally deployed by the 44th Brigade in December 2023. The M120K Rak platform illustrates Poland's ability to develop advanced military systems through HSW's engineering expertise. Its adoption by Ukrainian forces, along with growing international interest, highlights the system's recognized effectiveness in contemporary conflict environments.

Ground Specifications

Crew 4

Mobility Type Wheeled (8x8)

Main Weapon 120mm self-propelled mortar system

Engine Turbocharged Diesel

NBC Protection Yes

Max Speed 80.0 km/h

Range 500.0 km

Variants

M120G Rak Tracked variant mounted on HSW's proprietary light tracked chassis (LPG), featuring a hydropneumatics suspension with 12 wheel pairs and enhanced mine/ballistic protection compared to the earlier Goździk-based platform.

Upgraded M120K Enhanced configurations increase rate of fire from 6–8 to 12–16 rounds per minute through improved automation, reducing crew requirements from four to three personnel. Remote fire control operation by two-person crews with external command vehicle coordination is under development.

M120K with New Chassis A modernized variant announced in late 2021 features a new light tracked chassis with improved suspension characteristics, refined armor geometry, new headlight assemblies aligned with the Borsuk infantry fighting vehicle, reinforced hull sides with ballistic panels, and enhanced oscillation suppression for higher sustained firing rates.

System

Alternative Designation M120K Rak

Type Self-Propelled Mortar

Caliber 120 mm

Manufacturer Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW)

Configuration 8x8

Chassis The M120K is mounted on the KTO Rosomak 8×8 wheeled armored personnel carrier chassis, specifically an armored modular vehicle (AMV) originally developed in Finland by Patria.

Crew 4 ea

Operational Deployment The system can transition from march configuration to firing position within 30 seconds and depart a firing position in 15 seconds. The automatic loading mechanism enables rapid sustained fire, while the digital fire control system supports accurate target engagement both day and night. Unlike systems such as NEMO and AMOS mortars, the M120K can be loaded in any turret position relative to the hull.

Dimensions

Length 7.7 m

Width 2.8 m

Height 2.15 m

Weight, Combat 24,500 kg

Automotive

Engine Name Scania DI1249A03P

Engine Type turbocharged diesel

Engine Power INA

Maximum Range 500 km

Maximum Speed 80 km/h

Amphibious No

Gradient 60 deg

Side Slope 35 deg

Vertical Step 0.5 m

Trench 2.1 m

Fording 1.5 m

Main Weapon System

Name The M120K is equipped with a fully automated, breach-loaded 120mm mortar featuring a 3,000mm barrel (25 caliber length).

Type Mortar

Caliber 120 mm

Turret The turret operates with electromechanical drive mechanisms capable of manual override in emergency situations

Elevation -3° to +80°

Traverse 360° continuous

Maximum Range 7,000–10,000 meters (standard munitions); up to 15,000 meters with extended-range ammunition

Minimum Range 500 meters (direct fire)

Basic Load 46 rounds total (20 in automatic magazine, 26 in hull stowage)

Auxiliary Weapon System

Note The platform mounts a 7.62mm UKM 2000D machine gun on the commander's position with BAZALT day-night sight.

Fire Control & Targeting

Note The M120K integrates a modern digitalized fire control suite: Computerized ballistic computer (WB Electronics system); Inertial navigation system (TALIN 5000) with GPS integration; Laser rangefinder and thermal imaging day/night sight; Digital radio communication (RRC 9311 AP with FONET management system); Battlefield management system with digital map display; Laser warning system (OBRA-3 SSP-1); Automatic coordination with external C4I fire control systems.

Protection

Armor The hull and turret are constructed from welded ARMSTAL 500 steel armor plates (ARMSTAL 450 for the floor), providing all-around protection to STANAG 4569 Level 1 standards. Protection extends against: Small arms fire (7.62mm caliber at 30 meters and beyond); 155mm artillery shell fragmentation at 100 meters; Hand grenades and unexploded ordnance detonation under the vehicle.

Applique Armor INA

NBC Protection Yes

Smoke Equipment 4 x 81mm smoke grenade launchers are positioned on each turret side for self-screening.

Image Sources

Notes https://www.hsw.pl/produkty/mozdzierze-samobiezne-m120g-m120k/

Details

Country of Origin Poland

Category Self-Propelled Mortar System

Land > Infantry Vehicles > Self-Propelled Mortar System

Classification

Domain

Ground

Equipment Status

Active

Dimensions

Length

7.7 m

Width

2.8 m

Height

2.15 m

Weight

24500 kg

Operators (2)

Ukraine

Poland

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