Basic Information

Name

T-80U Russian Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Designation

T-80U

Alternate Designation

T-80U

Equipment Type

Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Manufacturer

—

Date of Introduction

1985

Description

The T-80U main battle tank is a further development of the original T-80, which was produced only in small numbers. T-80U (1985): Further development with a better turret, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor, improved gunsight, and 9M119 Svir missile system. In 1990 a new, 1,250-hp, engine was installed. Overall protection with Kontakt-5 against APFSDS/HEAT is 780/1,320 mm RHAe. 9K119M with antitank guided missile 9M119M installed since 1990. Some of the tanks in the commander version (T-80UK) are equipped with Shtora-1 APS, and thermal imaging night sight TO1-PO2T (detection range/target classification range = 6,400/4,600 meters at night). The basic thermal night sight of the T-80U is within the limits of 1,750/1,500 meters

Ground Specifications

Crew 3

Mobility Type Tracked

Main Weapon 125mm gun

Engine Gas Turbine (1100 hp)

Armor The T-80B is protected by a third iteration Soviet laminate armor that is known as Combination K

Active Protection Arena

Range 335.0 km

Variants

T-80 (1976) Initial model, with a 1,000-hp gas turbine engine, coincidence rangefinder, and no missile capability. This model does not have fittings for explosive reactive armor. The turret is from the T-64A, and thus retains the use of the old coincidence rangefinder. Characteristics of this type are the V-shaped water deflector on the front glacis, coincidence rangefinder in front of the commander's cupola, and Luna searchlight mounted in the same position as a T-64. Around 250 were produced, as the tank's armor was essentially obsolete when introduced. Turret vs APFSDS – 380 mm, hull vs APFSDS – 500 mm (without reactive armor). This was, in effect, a pre-production model. It reportedly was fitted with an early version of the Shtora APS.

T-80B (1978) This model had a new turret, laser rangefinder, fire-control, and autoloader allowing the firing of a 9M112-1 Kobra antitank guided missile (80% hit probability while stopped and on the move), and improved composite armor. An improved, 1,100-hp, engine was added in 1980, a new gun in 1982, and fittings for reactive armor in 1985. Reactive armor added protection of 400 mm equivalent armor to defend against HEAT warheads. The longest sighting range for T-80B kinetic energy ammunition and for "cumulative" ammunition – 4,000 m, high-explosive fragmentation – 5,000 m (using the "side level" – 10,000 m). A night sight TPNZ-49 in active mode reached 1,300 and a passive – 850 m. "Reflex" guided missile complex with laser beam allowed it to launch missiles at any tank speed.

T-80BV (1985) T-80B with explosive reactive armour Kontakt-1.

T-80UM: Russian version, with new Buran thermal imaging sight in place of the Luna IR.

Object 219A: Early T-80U (Object 219AS) variant It has the T-80U's turret, but not the Kontakt-5 ERA. Instead, it uses the old Kontakt-1/3 system; some 219As did not have ERA at all. Often misnamed T-80A. T-80U (1985): Further development with a better turret, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor, improved gunsight, and 9M119 Svir missile system. In 1990 a new, 1,250-hp, engine was installed. Overall protection with Kontakt-5 against APFSDS/HEAT is 780/1,320 mm RHAe.9K119M with antitank guided missile 9M119M installed since 1990. Some of the tanks in the commander version (T-80UK) are equipped with Shtora-1 APS, and thermal imaging night sight TO1-PO2T (detection range/target classification range = 6,400/4,600 meters at night). The basic thermal night sight of the T-80U is within the limits of 1,750/1,500 meters.

T-80UD Bereza (1987) Ukrainian diesel version with 1,000-hp 6TD engine and remote-controlled antiaircraft machine gun.

T-84 (1999) Further Ukrainian development of T-80UD with 1,200-hp diesel and new welded turret.

T-80BVD (2002): KMDB's upgrade standard for Ukrainian T-80BVs. Changes include the 6TD diesel engine, remote-controlled commander's machine gun, and better optics. None were produced.

T-80UM2/Black Eagle (prototype: cancelled): Several Russian prototypes were shown at trade shows, with a longer chassis and extra pair of road wheels, and very a large turret with a separate ammunition compartment.

T-80BVM (2017) up to 3,000 units, installed "Relikt" ERA, PNM Sosna-U gunner sight (as in the T-90, T-72B3), the improved 125mm gun 2A46M-4, the upgraded gas turbine engine, and the upgrades of various other systems. More than 120 are already in the service.

T-80B (1978) This model had a new turret, laser rangefinder, fire-control, and autoloader allowing the firing of a 9M112-1 Kobra antitank guided missile (80% hit probability while stopped and on the move), and improved composite armor. An improved, 1,100-hp, engine was added in 1980, a new gun in 1982, and fittings for reactive armor in 1985. Reactive armor added protection of 400 mm equivalent armor to defend against HEAT warheads. The longest sighting range for T-80B kinetic energy ammunition and for "cumulative" ammunition – 4,000 m, high-explosive fragmentation – 5,000 m (using the "side level" – 10,000 m). A night sight TPNZ-49 in active mode reached 1,300 and a passive – 850 m. "Reflex" guided missile complex with laser beam allowed it to launch missiles at any tank speed.

System

Alternative Designation T-80U

Type Main Battle Tank

Cost $831,000 (1987)

Family T-80 Series

Generation 3rd Generation Tank

Crew 3 ea

Maximum Effective Range (Road) 335 km

Driver's Vision Blocks 3 ea

Dimensions

Length (Gun Forward) 9.65 m

length (Hull) 6.98 m

Width 3.58 m

Height 2.22 m

Weight, Combat 46 tons

Ground Pressure INA

Automotive

Engine Name GTD-1000T

Engine Type Gas turbine engine

Engine Power 1,100 hp

Power-to-Weight Ratio 23.9 hp/ton

Fuel Tank (Regular) 1,090 liters

Fuel Tank (Additional) 680 liters

Range 335 km

Speed, Maximum Road 70 km/h

Speed, Average Cross 48 km/h

Speed Maximum Swim Not Amphibious

Gradient 60 %

Side Slope 40 %

Vertical Step 1.0 m

Trench 2.85 m

Fording Depth (No Preparation) 1.8 m

Fording Depth (With Preparation) 5.0 m

Cold Start Ability Yes

Deep Water Snorkel Available

Communications

R-173

Frequency Range 30.00 - 75.99 MHz

HF Output 30 W

Modulation FM

Display Digitial

Entry of Frequency Keypad

Present Channels 10

Digital Transmition INA KBaud

Sensitivity 1.5 uV

Range 50 km

Operational Voltage 27+-2 V

Weight 43 kg

Size 428 × 222 × 238 mm

Receiver R-174/GRR-5

Main Principle Superhet with RF-stage; ZF/IF 455 kHz; 2 AF stage(s)

Wave Bands Wave Bands given in the notes.

Loudspeaker Permanent Magnet Dynamic (PDyn) Loudspeaker (moving coil)

Dimensions (WHD) 307 x 335 x 206 mm

Net Weight 27.7 kg

Note Receiver for mobile purposes, 1.5 - 18 MHz in four ranges, AM/CW (BFO), 200 kHz xtal calibrator. Set compartment (CY-615/URR) consists of two chassis: model R-174/GRR-5 receiver and model PP-308/URR power supply plus speaker unit. Tubes only one times listed.

Main Gun

System

Name L48 2A46M-1 Smoothbore Cannon

Type 125 mm smoothbore Gun

Manufacturer Spetstekhnika Design Bureau

Max Rate of Fire 6-8 rds/min

Maximum Range 4,000 m

Manually Load Time 1-2 rds/min

Maximum Elevation +14 deg

Minimum Elevation -5 deg

Traverse Range 360 deg

Autoloader Yes, Carousel-Type Autoloader

Fire on the Move Yes, Main Gun

Evacuator Type Central Bore

Thermal Sleeve Yes

Barrel effective Full Life Charge 800 rds

Breech Mechanism Semi-automatic horizontal sliding breech block

Mazimum Pressure 5,100 bar

Loading System Korzina electric and hydraulic automatic loading system

Carousel Reloading Time 13-15 minutes

Muzzle Bead Yes

Barrel Type Quick Change

Note The L48 2A46M-1 It has been extensively developed into 10 different variations and remains the primary armament of Russian frontline tanks.

Ammunition (Option 1)

Type High Explosives (HE)

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 850 m/s

Maximum Effective Range 5,000 m

Armor Penetration INA

Max Dispersion 0.23 mrad

Tungsten Rods 450 ea

Charge A-IX-2 (73% RDX, 23% aluminium powder, phlegmatized with 4% wax) 3.0 kg

Projectile Weight 23 kg

Round Weight 33 kg

Variants 3VOF22/3OF19, 3VOF36/3OF26, 3VOF128/3OF82

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Ammunition (Option 2)

Type Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 2,050 m/s

Effective Range 2,000-3,000 m

Armor Penetration 1,000 mm

Muzzle Energy 15-24 MJ

Projectile Weight 11 kg

Projectile Dimesnion 900 mm

Variants 1.1 3VBM3/3BM9/10 1.2 3VBM6/3BM12/13 1.3 3VBM7/3BM15/16 1.4 3VBM8/3BM17/18 1.5 3VBM9/3BM22/23 1.6 3VBM10/3BM29/30 1.7 3VBM11/3BM26/27 1.8 3VBM13/3BM32/33 1.9 3VBM17/3BM42 (3BM44 "Mango") 1.10 3VBM19/3BM42M (3BM44M "Lekalo") 1.11 3VBM20/3BM46 (3BM48 "Svinets") 1.12 3VBM22/3BM59 (3BM59 "Svinets-1") 1.13 3VBM23/3BM60 (3BM60 "Svinets-2") 1.14 3VBM?/3BM69 "Vacuum-1" 1.15 3VBM?/3BM70 "Vacuum-2"

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Note Entered service in 2005[5] Utilising a new sabot. Reported to be uranium alloy. For 2A82/2A82-1M cannon on T-80UM-2/T-14s.

Ammunition (Option 3)

Name 3VBK27/3BK31 "Start"

Type High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 915 m/s

Max Dispersion INA

Maximum Effective Range 3,000 m

Charge INA

Charge Weight 1.62 kg

Projectile Weight 18.4 kg

Armor Penetration Estimated at 800 mm triple charge HEAT

Variants 3VBK7/3BK12, 3VBK10/3BK14, 3BK12M, 3BK14M, 3VBK16/3BK18, 3BK18M, 3VBK17/3BK21, 3BK21B, 3VBK21/3BK25, 3VBK25/3BK29 "Breyk", 3VBK25M/3BK29M

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Anti-Tank Guided Missile

System

Name 9M119 Svir, 9M119M Refleks(NATO designation AT-11 Sniper-B)

Type Laser Beam Anti-Tank Guided Missiles

Caliber 125 mm

Manufacturer Degtyarev plant

In Service 1980's to present

Proliferation Widely Proliferated

Operational Range 4,000-5,000 m

Weight 17.2 kg

Diameter 125 mm

Warhead Type Tandem hollow-charge

Warhead Weight 4.5 kg

Speed Subsonic

Guidance System 9S516 guidance system

Launch Platform 125 mm smoothbore guns

Armor Penetration 700mm of homogeneous armour

Time to meet Maximum Range 17.6 sec

Control Unit 9S517 automatic control unit

Voltage Regulator 9S831 voltage regulator.

Variants 9M119M

Basic Load 6 ea

Coaxial Weapon System

System

Name NSV (Russian НСВ Никитина-Соколова-Волкова)

Type 12.7mm Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun

Manufacturer "Metallist", Uralsk, Kazakh SSR, Crvena ZastavaSerbia

Weight (Gun Only) 25 kg

Muzzle Velocity 845 m/s

Max Rate of Fire 700-800 rds/min

Weight (On Tripod) 41 kg

Weight (50-Round Belt) 11 kg

Length (Total) 1,560 mm

Action Gas Operated

Feed System 50-Round Belt

Sights Iron Sights

Ammunition

Type Rifle

Caliber 12.7 mm

Cartridge 12.7×108mm

Muzzle Velocity 845 m/s

Basic Load 500 ea

Effective Firing Range (vs. Air Targets) 1,500 m

Effective Firing Range (vs. Ground Targets) 2,000 m

Loader's Weapon System

System

Name 7.62mm PK (Kalashnikov's Machine Gun)

Type 7.62mm Machine Gun

Function in use as a front-line infantry and vehicle-mounted weapon with Russia's armed forces.

Manufacturer Degtyaryov plant

In Service 1961-present

Proliferation 1 Million +

Max Rate of Fire 650 rds/min

Weight (Gun Only) 9 kg

Weight (Tripod Only) 7.7 kg

Length (Total) 1,203 mm

Length (Barrel) 605 mm

Action Gas-operated, open bolt

Feed System Non-disintegrating metal 50 round belts in 100 and 200/250 round ammunition boxes

Sights Tangent iron sights (default); Optical, Night-vision, Thermal and Radar sights

Ammunition

Type Rifle

Caliber 7.62 mm

Cartridge 7.62×54mmR

Muzzle Velocity 825 m/s

Basic Load 1,250 ea

Effective Range (Iron Sights) 1,000 m

Effective Range (With Sight Adjustments) 100-1,500 m

Fire Control

Name 1A45 Irtysh, Updated FCS system over the T-80B

Computerized FCS Yes

Thermal Sight Tank Commander Yes, day and night, vertical plane PNK-4S (Agat) day/night sight

Commander Day Mode Sight 10⁰ FOV and ×5 magnification

Thermal Sight Gunner Yes, stabilised T01-K01R Buran-PA night sight.

Main Gun Stabilization Yes, 2E26M electro-hydraulic dual plane stabilisation system

Main Gun Stabilization Deployment Time 2 minutes

Range, Day Sight 1,000 m

Range, Thermal Sight 2,600 m

IR Searchlight Yes, L-4A "Luna" IR Searchlight

TNPO-160 Periscopes 2 ea

TNPA-65 Periscopes 2 ea

Ballistic Computer 1V528-1 Ballistic Computer

Wind Sensor DVE-BS wind sensor

Laser Rangefinder Yes

FCS Fire Gating Capability YEs

Fire Control Complex 1A45 fire-control complex,

Protection

Hull Armor 440–450 mm

Armor Type The T-80B is protected by a third iteration Soviet laminate armour that is known as Combination K

Turret Type Objekt 476

Turret Armor Renovated ceramic system, Protection equivalent to 550mm

Applique Armor Yes, Hull side; track skirts

Explosive Reactive Armor Yes, Kontakt-5 System. Built in ERA system. Upgrade from the T-80B.

Active Protection System Arena Available

Mine Clearing Roller-plow available

Self-Entrenching Blade Yes

NBC Protection Yes, ZETS-11-2 detection system collective overpressure system

Smoke Equipment Yes, two banks of four 81 mm Toucha 902B grenade launchers that fire the ZD-6 smoke grenade

Smoke Grenade Range 250-300 m

Smoke Screen 30 m wide and 10 m high for 60 seconds per grenade.

IR Signature The exhaust is box-shaped and designed to direct heat away from the tank

Anti-Radiation Material Installed as a inside protective layer

Personal Breathing Apparatus Equipment

Automatic Fire Extinguisher System Yes

Radiation and Chemical Detector PRKhR, Model GO-27, radiation and chemical agent detector system

Image Sources

Notes https://www.goodfon.com/weapon/wallpaper-t-80-ud-tank-rossiya-voennaya.html; https://quizlet.com/fi/844073127/russian-tanks-flash-cards/;