Basic Information

Name

T-84 Oplot Ukrainian Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Designation

T-84 Oplot

Alternate Designation

T-84 Oplot

Equipment Type

Main Battle Tank (MBT)

Manufacturer

—

Date of Introduction

2000

Description

The T-84 Oplot is an improved version of the Ukrainian T-84 main battle tank and features a new turret. In terms of firepower and protection, the T-84 Oplot is very similar to Russia's T-90 MBT. The Oplot was officially adopted in 2000 with only ten tanks produced in 2001. The Ukrainian Army never ordered this tank in large numbers due to funding problems and the long-standing reliance on the aging T-64 main battle tank and associated variants. Currently, Ukraine's improved version, the Oplot-M, is in production for future small quantity deliveries to Thailand.

Ground Specifications

Crew 3

Mobility Type Tracked

Engine Multi-Fuel (1200 hp)

Armor Ballistic protection is provided by multiple layers of metal and ceramics that are supported by the Built-in Anti-Tandem Warhead ERA (BATW-ERA). As its name suggests, the BATW-ERA is designed to defeat weapons with tandem warheads as well as KE rounds.

Active Protection Arena

Range 500.0 km

Variants

T-80 (1976) Initial model, with 1,000-hp gas turbine engine, coincidence rangefinder, and no missile capability. This model does not have fittings for explosive reactive armour. The turret is from the T-64A, and thus retains the use of the old coincidence rangefinder. Characteristics of this type are the V shaped water deflector on the front glacis, coincidence rangefinder in front of the commander's cupola, and Luna searchlight mounted in the same position as a T-64. Around 250 were produced, as the tank's armour was essentially obsolete when introduced. Turret vs APFSDS – 380 mm, hull vs APFSDS – 500 mm (without reactive armour). This was, in effect, a pre-production model. It reportedly was fitted with an early version of the Shtora APS.

T-80B (1978) This model had a new turret, laser rangefinder, fire-control, and autoloader allowing the firing of a 9M112-1 Kobra antitank guided missile (80% hit probability while stopped and on the move), and improved composite armor. An improved, 1,100-hp, engine was added in 1980, a new gun in 1982, and fittings for reactive armor in 1985. Reactive armor added protection of 400 mm equivalent armor to defend against HEAT warheads. The longest sighting range for T-80B kinetic energy ammunition and for "cumulative" ammunition – is 4,000 m, high-explosive fragmentation – is 5,000 m (using the "side level" – 10,000 m). A night sight TPNZ-49 in active mode reached 1,300 and a passive – 850 m. "Reflex" guided missile complex with laser beam allowed it to launch missiles at any tank speed.

T-80BV (1985) T-80B with explosive reactive armor Kontakt-1.

T-80UM Russian version, with new Buran thermal imaging sight in place of the Luna IR.

Object 219A: Early T-80U (Object 219AS) variant It has the T-80U's turret, but not the Kontakt-5 ERA. Instead, it uses the old Kontakt-1/3 system; some 219As did not have ERA at all. Often misnamed T-80A. T-80U (1985): Further development with a better turret, Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor, improved gunsight, and 9M119 Svir missile system. In 1990 a new, 1,250-hp, engine was installed. Overall protection with Kontakt-5 against APFSDS/HEAT is 780/1,320 mm RHAe.9K119M with antitank guided missile 9M119M installed since 1990. Some of the tanks in the commander version (T-80UK) are equipped with Shtora-1 APS, and thermal imaging night sight TO1-PO2T (detection range/target classification range = 6,400/4,600 meters at night). The basic thermal night sight of the T-80U is within the limits of 1,750/1,500 meters.

T-80UD Bereza (1987) Ukrainian diesel version with 1,000-hp 6TD engine and remote-controlled antiaircraft machine gun.

T-84 (1999) Further Ukrainian development of T-80UD with 1,200-hp diesel and new welded turret.

T-80BVD (2002): KMDB's upgrade standard for Ukrainian T-80BVs. Changes include the 6TD diesel engine, remote-controlled commander's machine gun, and better optics. None were produced.

T-80UM2/Black Eagle (prototype: cancelled): Several Russian prototypes were shown at trade shows, with a longer chassis and extra pair of road wheels, and very a large turret with separate ammunition compartment.

T-80BVM (2017) up to 3,000 units, installed "Relikt" ERA, PNM Sosna-U gunner sight (as in the T-90, T-72B3), the improved 125mm gun 2A46M-4, the upgraded gas turbine engine and the upgrades of various other systems. More than 120 already in the service.

T-80B (1978) This model had a new turret, laser rangefinder, fire-control, and autoloader allowing the firing of a 9M112-1 Kobra antitank guided missile (80% hit probability while stopped and on the move), and improved composite armor. An improved, 1,100-hp, engine was added in 1980, a new gun in 1982, and fittings for reactive armor in 1985. Reactive armor added protection of 400 mm equivalent armor to defend against HEAT warheads. The longest sighting range for T-80B kinetic energy ammunition and for "cumulative" ammunition – is 4,000 m, high-explosive fragmentation – 5,000 m (using the "side level" – 10,000 m). A night sight TPNZ-49 in active mode reached 1,300 and a passive – 850 m. "Reflex" guided missile complex with laser beam allowed it to launch missiles at any tank speed.

T-80BK Tank.

T-80BVK Tank.

T-80BVK 2017 Tank.

T-80U Tank.

T-80UK Tank.

T-80UD Tank.

BREM-80U Armoured recovery vehicle.

ATLET ARRV Armoured recovery vehicle.

T-84 Oplot-M Ukrainian export tank to Thailand.

System

Alternative Designation T-84 Oplot

Type Main Battle Tank

Family T-80 Series

Generation 3rd Generation Tank

Crew 3 ea

Maximum Effective Range (Road) 335 km

Driver's Vision Blocks 3 ea

Note The T-84 is easily distinguished from its predecessors by the shape of the turret and hinged skirts that cover the tracks. There is also a large optical suite on the mid-right of the turret roof.

Dimensions

Length (Gun Forward) 9.72 m

Length (Hull) 7.075 m

Width 4.176 m

Height 2.8 m

Track Length 4.29 m

Track Width 580 mm

Weight, Combat 51,000 kg

Ground Pressure 0.47 kg/m

Automotive

Engine Name 6TD-2

Engine Type water cooled, multifuel

Engine Power 1,200 hp

Power to Weight Ratio 24.7 hp/ton

Main Fuel Tank 1,140 litres

Auxiliary Fuel Tank 380 liters

Electrical System 27V

Suspension torsion bar with hydraulic shock-absorbers

Steering clutch and brake

Speed, Maximum Road 70 km/h

Range 500 km (nearly 150 km more than the T-80U)

Speed, Average Cross 45 km/h

Speed Maximum Swim Not Amphibious

Gradient 62 %

Side Slope 48 %

Vertical Step 1 m

Trench 2.85 m

Fording Depth (No Preparation) 1.8 m

Cold Start Ability Yes

Fording Depth (With Preparation) 5 m

Deep Water Snorkel Available

Main Weapon System

System

Name 1 × turret mounted 125mm KBA3 smoothbore gun

Type Smoothbore Gun

Caliber 125 mm

Manufacturer INA

Max Rate of Fire 6-8 rds/min

Maximum Range 4,000 m

Manually Load Time 1-2 rds/min

Maximum Elevation +14 deg

Minimum Elevation -5 deg

Traverse Range 360 deg

Autoloader Yes, Carousel-Type Autoloader

Fire on the Move Yes, Main Gun

Evacuator Type Central Bore

Thermal Sleeve Yes

Barrel effective Full Life Charge 800 rds

Breech Mechanism Semi-automatic horizontal sliding breech block

Mazimum Pressure 5,100 bar

Loading System Korzina electric and hydraulic automatic loading system

Carousel Reloading Time 13-15 minutes

Muzzle Bead Yes

Barrel Type Quick Change

Note The KBA-3 is the Ukrainian version of the 2A46 series of 125 mm guns

Ammunition (Option 1)

Type High Explosives (HE)

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 850 m/s

Maximum Effective Range 5,000 m

Armor Penetration INA

Tungsten Rods 450 ea

Charge A-IX-2 (73% RDX, 23% aluminium powder, phlegmatized with 4% wax) 3.0 kg

Projectile Weight 23 kg

Round Weight 33 kg

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Ammunition (Option 2)

Name Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)

Type Smoothbore 125mm Projectile

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 2,050 m/s

Effective Range 2,000-3,000 m

Armor Penetration 1,000 mm

Projectile Weight 11 kg

Projectile Dimesnion 900 mm

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Note Entered service in 2005 Utilising a new sabot. Reported to be uranium alloy. For 2A82/2A82-1M cannon on T-80UM-2/T-14s.

Ammunition (Option 3)

Type High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)

Name 3VBK27/3BK31 "Start"

Caliber 125 mm

Muzzle Velocity 915 m/s

Max Dispersion INA

Maximum Effective Range 3,000 m

Charge INA

Charge Weight 1.62 kg

Projectile Weight 18.4 kg

Armor Penetration Estimated at 800 mm triple charge HEAT

Basic Load 36 total rounds of any 125mm Russian Projectiles

Anti-Tank Guided Missile

System

Name 9M119 Svir, 9M119M Refleks (NATO designation AT-11 Sniper-B)

Type Laser Beam Anti-Tank Guided Missiles

Caliber 125 mm

Variants 9M119M

Manufacturer Degtyarev plant

In Service 1980's to present

Proliferation Widely Proliferated

Operational Range 4,000-5,000 m

Weight 17.2 kg

Diameter 125 mm

Warhead Type Tandem hollow-charge

Warhead Weight 4.5 kg

Speed Subsonic

Guidance System 9S516 guidance system

Armor Penetration 700mmm of homogeneous armour

Time to meet Maximum Range 17.6 sec

Control Unit 9S517 automatic control unit

Voltage Regulator 9S831 voltage regulator.

Basic Load 6 ea

Coaxial Weapon System

System

Name 1 x NSV (Russian НСВ Никитина-Соколова-Волкова)

Type Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun

Caliber 12.7mm

Manufacturer "Metallist", Uralsk, Kazakh SSR, Crvena ZastavaSerbia

Length (Total) 1,560 mm

Weight (Gun Only) 25 kg

Weight (On Tripod) 41 kg

Weight (50-Round Belt) 11 kg

Action Gas Operated

Muzzle Velocity 845 m/s

Max Rate of Fire 700-800 rds/min

Feed System 50-Round Belt

Sights Iron Sights

Ammunition

Type Rifle

Caliber 12.7 mm

Cartridge 12.7×108mm

Muzzle Velocity 845 m/s

Effective Firing Range (vs. Air Targets) 1,500 m

Effective Firing Range (vs. Ground Targets) 2,000 m

Basic Load 500 ea

Loader's Weapon System

System

Name 1 x 7.62mm PK (Kalashnikov's Machine Gun)

Type General-Purpose Machine Gun

Caliber 7.62mm

Function in use as a front-line infantry and vehicle-mounted weapon with Russia's armed forces.

Manufacturer Degtyaryov plant

In Service 1961-present

Proliferation 1 Million +

Length (Total) 1,203 mm

Length (Barrel) 605 mm

Weight (Gun Only) 9 kg

Weight (Tripod Only) 7.7 kg

Action Gas-operated, open bolt

Max Rate of Fire 650 rds/min

Feed System Non-disintegrating metal 50 round belts in 100 and 200/250 round ammunition boxes

Sights Tangent iron sights (default); Optical, Night-vision, Thermal and Radar sights

Ammunition

Type Rifle

Caliber 7.62 mm

Cartridge 7.62×54mmR

Muzzle Velocity 825 m/s

Effective Range (Iron Sights) 1,000 m

Effective Range (With Sight Adjustments) 100-1,500 m

Basic Load 1,250 ea

Fire Control

Name 1A45 Irtysh, Updated FCS system over the T-80B

Computerized FCS Yes

Thermal Sight Tank Commander Yes, day and night, vertical plane PNK-4S (Agat) day/night sight

Commander Day Mode Sight 10⁰ FOV and ×5 magnification

Thermal Sight Gunner Yes, stabilised T01-K01R Buran-PA night sight.

Main Gun Stabilization Yes, 2E26M electro-hydraulic dual plane stabilisation system

Main Gun Stabilization Deployment Time 2 minutes

Range, Day Sight 1,000 m

Range, Thermal Sight 2,600 m

IR Searchlight Yes, L-4A "Luna" IR Searchlight

TNPO-160 Periscopes 2 ea

TNPA-65 Periscopes 2 ea

Ballistic Computer 1V528-1 Ballistic Computer

Wind Sensor DVE-BS wind sensor

Laser Rangefinder Yes

FCS Fire Gating Capability YEs

Fire Control Complex 1A45 fire-control complex,

Protection

Hull Armor 440–450 mm

Armor Type Ballistic protection is provided by multiple layers of metal and ceramics that are supported by the Built-in Anti-Tandem Warhead ERA (BATW-ERA). As its name suggests, the BATW-ERA is designed to defeat weapons with tandem warheads as well as KE rounds.

Turret Type Objekt 476

Turret Armor The renovated ceramic system, Protection equivalent to 550 mm

Applique Armor Yes, Hull side; track skirts

Explosive Reactive Armor The system is built from Nozh ERA that are installed in especially designed cases, the ERA cassettes are resistant to small (12.7 mm) and medium (30 mm) ammunition and will last for three years once installed, providing that all storage and transport requirements are met.

Active Protection System Arena Available

Mine Clearing Roller-plow available

Self-Entrenching Blade Yes

NBC Protection Yes, ZETS-11-2 detection system collective overpressure system

Smoke Equipment Yes, two banks of four 81 mm Toucha 902B grenade launchers that fire the ZD-6 smoke grenade

Smoke Grenade Range 250-300 m

Smoke Screen 30 m wide and 10 m high for 60 seconds per grenade.

IR Signature The exhaust is box-shaped and designed to direct heat away from the tank

Anti-Radiation Material Installed as a inside protective layer

Personal Breathing Apparatus Equipment

Automatic Fire Extinguisher System Yes

Radiation and Chemical Detector The crew is protected by an extensive system that incorporates the PRHR-M1 radiation and chemical agent detector that continuously monitors the environment inside and outside the vehicle.

Countermeasures The Oplot is also fitted with the TShU1-7 Varta optronic countermeasures system, which appears to be based on the Russian Shtora-1.

Image Sources

Notes https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/t-84-and-t-80ud-no-shows-for-war-why-ukraine-s-best-tanks-are-nowhere-to-be-seen-as-russia-advances;