S-400 Triumph (SA-21 Growler) Russian Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System
S-400
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Basic Information
Name
S-400 Triumph (SA-21 Growler) Russian Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System
Designation
S-400
Alternate Designation
—
Equipment Type
—
Manufacturer
—
Date of Introduction
2007
Description
The S-400 name refers to a family of long-range air defense systems. The system family is only thought to have a domestic and an export variant, and only the former is treated as its own system of systems within this record, due to a lack of confirmed information relating to the export variant. The S-400 was originally conceived in the Soviet Union during the 1980s, as a replacement for the S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna series of SAM systems. It was intended as a multifunctional long-range air-defense system that would form the upper level of the Russian multi-layer air and ballistic missile defense system. The S-400 system has entered service with only two users outside of Russia (China and Turkey), and due to its formidable capabilities to shift the balance of air power to regions where it is deployed, its sale is often accompanied by significant controversy.
Ground Specifications
Mobility Type
Wheeled (8x8)
Range
250.0 km
Variants
S-400E
Suspected export variant with reduced characteristics, to include modified or differing communications equipment, operating frequencies of radars, ECM protection, and missiles.
System
Alternative Designations
Triumf, Triumph as a translation
Targets
Fixed-wing, rotary-wing, IRBMs, UAVs, cruise missiles
Crew
INA
Configuration
Group/brigade 2-8 bns and 91N6 E2. Each bn has 6-12 trailer launchers (TLs, aka mobile erector launchers or MELs) , 55K6E 8x8 van, 5T58-2 SAM transporter, 22T6-2 loading crane, and radars. Battery (firing unit) has 3 TLs.
Deployment Time
To deploy the system from the traveling position to set system assets: 5 - 10 min
At ready from deployed position : 3 min
Armament
Note:
The system can also launch older missiles for SA-10 and SA-20 systems. There are reports of a 48N6DM missile, which offers longer range than the 48N6. This may have been an interim missile for use until 40N6 was fielded.
Trailer Launcher (TL) or MEL
Name
5P85TE2
Tractor
BAZ-64022 6x6 tractor
Missiles per Launcher
3 x 40N6, 4 x 9M96E2 (current likely mix)
Automotive Performance
For 5P85TE2 TL
Cruising Range (km)
800 (est)
Road/ Dirt Road Speed (km/h)
60/30 (est)
Missile
Name
40N6 “big missile”
Type
Solid-fuel
Launch Mode
Vertical launch
Effective Range
250 km
Max Altitude
27 km
Guidance
Track-Via-Missile, missile active radar homing
Warhead Type
Frag-HE
Warhead Weight (kg)
180+
Fuze Type
Radio command
Probability of Hit (Ph%)
90 FW. 80 heli
Simultaneous missiles
up to 2 per target (doubles probability of hit)
Weight (kg)
2,000, 2,800 in canister
9M96E2/9M96M “small missile”
Description
A canister of 4 can fit on the SA-21 launcher in place of a big missile. It is possible that most launchers in most batteries (by the Near Term) will have 2 canisters of small missiles (8 total).
Radar and Command Station
Note
The S-400 Triumph system features command and control assets as well as air defense missiles that can work in conjunction with various automated control systems and radar facilities. It utilizes the new Engagement Radar System, the 92N2E Grave Stone, mounted on an 8 x 8 MZKT-7930 vehicle. Additionally, the battery acquisition radar, known as the 96L6 Cheese Board, is also carried on an 8 x 8 MZKT-7930 truck. The system employs a new 3D phased array acquisition radar, the 91N6E (NATO code: Big Bird), which is derived from the earlier model 64N6E2. An optional 40V6M/MD mast is also available for use.
The 55K6E command post, which is mounted on an 8 x 8 Ural 532301 truck, is used to manage airspace surveillance data from each individual launcher vehicle. It oversees long-range surveillance radar, tracks airborne threats, prioritizes those threats, and coordinates operations across all batteries.
Optional acquisition radars for the S-400 include the 59N6 Protivnik GE and 67N6 Gamma DE, both operating in the L-band, as well as the 1L119 Nebo SVU in the VHF band, which claims to have capabilities against stealth aircraft. In addition to these radars, the S-400 has been tested with systems such as the Topaz Kolchuga M, KRTP-91 Tamara (also referred to as Trash Can), and the 85V6 Orion/Vega emitter locating systems. These systems are intended to engage emitting targets without the need for the acquisition radars to emit signals, especially if those radars are jammed. In June 2008, the manufacturer announced the successful integration of the 1RL220VE, 1L222, and 86V6 Orion emitter locating systems with the S-400.
Image Sources
Notes
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1-400_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%84%C2%BB.JPG; https://armyrecognition.com/russia_russian_missile_system_vehicle_uk/s-400_triumf_sa-21_growler_missile_russia_air_defense_system.html; https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2017/01/missile-complex-s-400-guard-kola-peninsula; https://sputnikmediabank.com/media/3273119.html?context=list&list_sid=list_562584; https://www.armyrecognition.com/military-products/army/air-defense-systems/air-defense-vehicles/s-400-russia-uk
Details
Country of Origin
Russia
Category
Radar Guided Missile Systems
Land > Air Defense > Radar Guided Missile Systems
Filter Label
S
Classification
Domain
Ground
Equipment Status
Active
Operators (6)
Russia
China
Turkey
India
Belarus
Algeria
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